What type of system do GIS operate on?

The correct choice refers to the hardware aspect of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). GIS operates on a combination of technology that includes computer hardware to manage, process, and visualize spatial data. This hardware is essential because it provides the necessary computational power and storage capacity to handle large datasets that can include maps, satellite images, and various other forms of geographical information.

While all choices play a role in the overall GIS environment, the emphasis on hardware highlights its foundational importance. Hardware such as servers, workstations, and mobile devices allows users to run GIS software and store large amounts of geospatial data, making it possible to conduct analyses and create maps effectively.

The other areas, such as software, data, and people, are certainly integral to the operation of GIS, but hardware is the critical component that supports the functionality and performance of the entire system. Without proper hardware, the capabilities of the GIS software and the utilization of data would be severely limited.